A quantitative analysis of longitudinal studies found delays in height and weight, with evidence of a lessening of growth deficits over time (Faraone SV et al, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008 47(9):994–1009). The children who received medication for only part of the two-year period also had some height suppression, but not as much as the children who used the medication continuously (MTA Cooperative Group, Pediatrics 2004 113(4):762–769). If insomnia persists, some patients can be prescribed short-term medication to treat it.ĭata on height suppression indicate that children who used methylphenidate continuously for two years averaged a height gain that was two-fifths of an inch per year less than the children who did not take medication. Patients may experience insomnia and anxiety that usually lessen with a decreased dose, switching to a non-stimulant, or switching from an ER to an IR formulation. Many patients say this is most common at lunchtime so it is especially important for them to consume a nutritious breakfast and dinner. Up to 25% of patients have decreased appetite and gastrointestinal upset that may lead to weight loss. The side effects of both methylphenidate and amphetamines are similar. Methylphenidate (MPH) is available in both immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) and is now also available in a transdermal patch.Īmphetamine salts are available in both IR and ER formulations and are also available as an oral liquid. Stimulant agents are subdivided into methylphenidate-such as Ritalin, Concerta, Methylin, Metadate, and Daytrana-or amphetamine-based medications-such as Adderall, Dexedrine, and Vyvanse. Which one to choose is based on prescriber and patient preference.
The pharmacologic first-line treatment of ADHD is stimulant medication.
This review will provide you with a brief overview of current research, treatment options, and recommendations for safe and effective use. In deciding what medication is best, prescribers consider side effects, whether it is appropriate to prescribe a controlled substance based on diversion or abuse potential, as well as practical issues such as how complicated the required dosing schedule is. You can really break down the medication options for ADHD to stimulants or non-stimulants.
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